Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis or more simply “thrush”, are a common health issue that affects many women at some point in their lives. While uncomfortable, these infections are generally not considered serious and can be easily treated effectively with appropriate care.
Causes of Vaginal Yeast Infection
They are primarily caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida albicans, which is naturally present in the vagina along with many other microorganisms. When well-balanced, these microorganisms all form a perfect microbiome, co-existing in harmony and keeping the vagina clean and healthy. However, the balance of these microorganisms can be disrupted by various factors, leading to an overgrowth of Candida.
Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infections
The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection can vary from person to person, but commonly include:
- Persistent itching in the vaginal area is a hallmark symptom of a yeast infection.
- Thick, white, and clumpy vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese is often observed.
- The vulva and surrounding tissues may become red, swollen, and sensitive to touch.
- Burning sensation during urination or intercourse may occur.
- In some cases, an unpleasant odor might be present, although it is usually mild and different from that associated with bacterial vaginosis. Odor is generally a sign that you should check with your doctor so that can make sure of a correct diagnosis.
1. Practice good hygiene
Keep the vaginal area clean and dry, but avoid the use of soaps on the sensitive vulva skin. It is very common that women, in the attempt to make sure their vulva is clean, will wash with soaps that, rather than help, actually upset the balance of microorganisms, thereby creating the perfect opportunity for Candida to grow and take over. Douching (inserting cleaning solutions inside the vaginal opening to clean it out) is even worse. Our gynecologists recommend saving the soap or shower gel for the external rectal area (and anywhere else you wish to use it), washing the vulva with plain water. A mild, gentle soap on the groin and pubic hair area can help cleanse built up oils, but plain water should be used for the vulva itself. Products marketed specifically for cleaning your vulva are entirely unnecessary, and douching the vagina (internally) with anything is an absolute no-no.
2. Wear breathable clothing
Opt for cotton underwear and, although we all love our ‘athleisure wear’ leggings, choosing loose-fitting pants at least sometimes will promote air circulation. Constant, daily use of panty-liners can ultimately reduce air flow to the vulva and contact on the skin can cause serious irritations. Many period pant companies now make underpants that tackle the issues of excess moisture, leaks or discharge, without compromising on air flow.
3. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use
Take antibiotics only when prescribed by a healthcare professional, and discuss the risk of yeast infections with them if necessary.
4. Manage diabetes
If you have diabetes, work closely with your healthcare provider to control blood sugar levels effectively.
5. Probiotics
Consuming probiotics, whether through supplements or food containing live cultures, might help maintain a healthy balance of vaginal flora, especially during times of unavoidable antibiotic use.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Most yeast infections can be successfully treated at home. However, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if:
– It’s your first yeast infection, as proper diagnosis is important.
– The symptoms do not improve after a week of treatment, or recur frequently – this will require a different treatment regime guided by your gynecologist.
– You experience odour, severe pain, swelling, or fever.
– You are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Remember, vaginal yeast infections are one of the most common gynecology complaints, so please don’t be afraid of coming to your doctor to check for it. Remember, they have seen it ALL (and then some!).